Purified water flow meter | Doppler water flow meter

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1. Detailed explanation of the working principle of purified water equipment used in pharmaceutical factories

Purified water equipment used in pharmaceutical factories (purified water preparation system or PW system) converts municipal tap water or groundwater into purified water that meets the requirements of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, the United States Pharmacopeia (USP), or the European Pharmacopoeia (EP) through multi-stage treatment and integrated technology combination. Its core working principle is stepped purification+multiple technology collaboration. The specific process and technical principle are as follows:

1. Pre treatment system: removes suspended solids, colloids, residual chlorine, and hardness Purpose: to protect subsequent precision membrane components (RO, EDI) from blockage, scaling, oxidation damage, and extend equipment life.

. Main unit and principle: Multi media filter: Principle: Fill filter media such as quartz sand, anthracite, manganese sand, etc. to form a filter layer with coarse upper and fine lower layers. Function: Remove suspended solids, sediment, rust, colloids, and some microorganisms through mechanical interception and adsorption. Activated carbon filter: Principle: Utilizing the physical adsorption (large specific surface area and microporous structure) and chemical reduction of activated carbon. Function: Remove residual chlorine, chloramines (strong oxidants that can damage RO membranes), organic matter (TOC), color, odor, some heavy metal ions, and disinfection by-products. Softener (Sodium Ion Exchanger): Principle: Sodium cation exchange resin is used. When water flows through the resin, calcium ions (Ca2?) and magnesium ions (Mg2?) exchange with sodium ion Purified water flow meter

s (Na?) on the resin. Function: Remove hardness ions and prevent subsequent scaling on the surface of the RO membrane (such as calcium carbonate and calcium sulfate). Regeneration: After resin adsorption is saturated, rinse the regeneration with concentrated salt water (NaCl solution) to restore the sodium form. Precision filter/security filter: Principle: equipped with PP melt blown filter element or wire wound filter element with a pore size of 5 μ m or 1 μ m. Function: As the final barrier for pretreatment, it absolutely intercepts tiny particles, broken activated carbon or resin particles that may leak from the pretreatment system, ensuring that the water entering the RO membrane meets its inlet requirements.

2. Core desalination system: Deep removal of ions and small molecule organic matter Objective: To remove the vast majority (>95% -99%) of dissolved salt ions, small molecule organic matter, microorganisms, and pyrogen precursors in water.

. Core Unit and Principle: Reverse Osmosis Device (RO): Principle: Based on the selective permeability of semi permeable membranes and external pressure drive. A semi permeable membrane allows water molecules to pass through while blocking the dissolution of salts, organic matter, colloids, bacteria, viruses, and pyrogens. Apply a pressure higher than the osmotic pressure (10-30 bar) on the inlet side to force water molecules to reverse through the membrane and enter the water production side. Impurities are concentrated on the inlet side and discharged as concentrated water. Key structure: High pressure pump: provides the required pressure. Reverse osmosis membrane element: The core component, usually a polyamide composite membrane (TFC) with a rolled structure, is i

Purified water flow meter | Doppler water flow meter

1. Detailed explanation of the working principle of purified water equipment used in pharmaceutical factories

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