1. What are the phonetic symbols in English?

All phonetic symbols are shown in the following figure: The International Phonetic Alphabet strictly follows the principle of "one symbol, one sound", that is, "one phoneme, one symbol, one phoneme" is an essential pronunciation method for reading English words well. In languages that use the Pinyin system, the same letter often has several pronunciations in different words. For example, in English like and lit, the "i" is pronounced using the International Phonetic Alphabet as [a ɪ] and [e], respectively. Similarly, in Mandarin b ā n (class) and b ā ng (state), the "a" is pronounced using the International Phonetic Alphabet as [a] and [e], respectively. In addition, the same sound has different spellings in different languages. For example, the sh sound in English, ch sound in French, sch sound in German, sz sound in Polish, and s sound in Czech are all actually the [∝] sound in the International Phonetic Alphabet. These are the strengths of the International Phonetic Alphabet, which can scientifically and accurately record and distinguish speech sounds (there are 72 consonants and 32 vowels on the phonetic alphabet, which is roughly sufficient for annotating speech sounds). The arrangement of the International Phonetic Alphabet is convenient for analysis and mastery (consonants are roughly determined by their pronunciation location and method, while vowels are positioned by their tongue position before and after). Additional information: Pronunciation techniques for some phonetic symbols:

1. [i:] Lips slightly open, tongue tip pressed against teeth, mouth corners open to both sides, showing a smiling expression, similar to the pronunciation of the letter E.

2. [i] The lips are slightly open, the tip of the tongue is pressed against the teeth, the front of the tongue is raised, and the mouth shape is flat.

3. The mouth is flat, with slightly open upper and lower teeth, and the body is laid flat. The middle of the tongue is slightly raised.

4. [] Lips slightly open, tongue flat, tongue slightly raised in the middle, and the mouth naturally relaxes to produce sound.

5. [i ə] is composed of two single tones, [i] and [ə]. [i] is pronounced again, [ə] is read lightly, and the lips are always half open.

6. [e ə] is composed of two single tones, [e] and [ə]. [e] is pronounced with emphasis, [ə] is read lightly, the tongue is pressed against the lower teeth, and the lips are half open.

7. [u ə] is composed of two single tones, [u] and [ə]. [u] is pronounced with emphasis, [ə] is read lightly, and the lips are rounded to half open. Reference materials: Baidu Baike - Phonetic Alphabet

2. Comprehensive Explanation of Middle School English Phonetic Alphabet

Unit Sounds 1. [i:] see [si:], he, she, me, meet front vowels 2. [i] lily [lili], bill, hit, give, sit front 3. [e] bed [bed], get, let, pet, dead front 4. [æ] map [m æ p], mad, dad, hat, rat front 5. [α:] calm [k α: m] dark, heart, mart, garden front 6. [כ] Hot [h כ t], lot, not, pot, got 7. [כ:] all [כ: l] mall, hall, daughter, porter 8. [u] book [buk], look, hook, foot, put 9. [u:] food [fu: d], good, mood, blue, shoot 10. [∧] cup [k ∧ p], luck, nut, but, mud 11. [ә:] bird [b ә: d], further 12. [ә] sister ["sister ә], heater, Peter, Litter, meter Middle diphthong 13. [ei] day [dei], may, bay, say, play14. [ai] side [said], like, night, kite, right15. [ә u] go [g ә u] flo

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